Evolvulus nummularius

Introduction

Evolvulus nummularius is a creeping, ground-cover plant that’s quietly won its place in Ayurvedic traditions for mood balancing and memory support. Native to tropical Asia and parts of Africa, this little herb stands out because of its distinctive silver-green leaves and tiny tubular flowers—plus, it’s pretty resilient in drought conditions. In this article you’ll learn about the specific botany of Evolvulus nummularius, its historical roles in folk medicine, the active phytochemicals it harbors, proven health benefits, dosage guidelines, safety considerations, quality sourcing tips, and what modern science is saying about it. Let’s get started!

Botanical Description and Taxonomy

Scientific Classification:

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Clade: Angiosperms
• Order: Solanales
• Family: Convolvulaceae
• Genus: Evolvulus
• Species: E. nummularius

Evolvulus nummularius is a low-growing perennial, often sprawling up to 30 cm in diameter. The leaves are opposite, round to ovate, about 1–3 cm long, with a silky, whitish pubescence that gives them a soft, velvety look. Small trumpet-shaped flowers, pale blue or lavender, appear singly from leaf axils. Over time, this plant adapts to arid and semi-arid climates, forming mats in sandy or rocky soils. Traditional Ayurveda uses mostly the aerial parts—leaves and stems—harvested before flowering for maximal potency. Researchers have identified flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids as the main active constituents in Evolvulus nummularius, but we’ll dive deeper later.

Historical Context and Traditional Use

Records of Evolvulus nummularius show up in regional Sanskrit compendia around the 12th century CE, especially in southern India manuscripts. But local healers likely knew of its calming properties long before that. In Kerala’s folk tradition, the herb was called “Shankhapushpi” interchangeably with other Evolvulus species, although purists argue those names should be reserved for E. alsinoides. Villagers brewed a decoction of its aerial parts to soothe fraught nerves during seasonal festivals; similar anecdotes appear across Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka.

Moving north, Mughal-era herbalists in Rajasthan praised its cooling rasa (taste) and vata-pacifying qualities. One Persian text from the late 16th century even notes its use for treating “manah-kshaya” (an ancient term loosely translated as mental fatigue). Interestingly, British colonial botanists classified it under Convolvulus nummularius in the 19th century, only for later revisions to place it firmly back in the Evolvulus genus—this confusion partly explains why some herbals list conflicting names.

In traditional Unani medicine, Evolvulus nummularius leaf juice was combined with rose water and honey to calm palpitations (heart-racing spells triggered by anxiety). Over centuries, villagers in Malawi and Nigeria adopted similar uses after Portuguese traders introduced the plant. Though spelt differently in local dialects—“Amu-ndo” in Yoruba, “Tsimire” in Shona—the herb’s aim remained consistent: uplift mood, sharpen memory, and relieve occasional insomnia.

Despite this widespread use, during the industrial era its popularity waned—oils and pharmaceuticals took center stage. But herbalists in the 1980s, re-examining regional pharmacopeias, rekindled interest, so today Evolvulus nummularius is back in many traditional medicine shops, often sold simply as a dried leaf powder or in capsules.

Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Action

Scientists have isolated several bioactive constituents from Evolvulus nummularius:

• Flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol): act as antioxidants, protecting neurons from oxidative stress and promoting cerebral microcirculation.
• Alkaloids (e.g., scopoletin): exhibit mild sedative effects and modulate neurotransmitter balance, especially GABAergic pathways.
• Triterpenoids: support anti-inflammatory processes, potentially reducing neuroinflammation linked to anxiety and memory decline.
• Phenolic acids (e.g., caffeic acid): contribute to its anti-anxiety and mood-lifting profile by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting stress-related hormones like cortisol.

According to a 2018 Indian Journal of Pharmacology study, an ethanol extract of E. nummularius increases head-twitch responses in mice—an indirect measure of serotonin system modulation. One theory in Ayurveda suggests that these compounds work synergistically to balance doshas, particularly calming excessive Vata (air/space) and Pitta (fire/water) energies in the mind. Still, precise molecular pathways require more research—so far, most insights are from in vitro or small-scale animal studies.

Therapeutic Effects and Health Benefits

When it comes to practical, real-world use of Evolvulus nummularius, here are the main benefits supported by peer-reviewed articles and classical Ayurvedic texts:

• Memory enhancement: A randomized animal trial in 2019 reported significant improvement in maze learning and retention times in rodents given 200 mg/kg of leaf extract. Ayurveda calls this “medhya” (intellect-promoting).
• Stress and anxiety relief: In a small pilot human study (n=30), participants taking leaf powder (500 mg twice daily) for 4 weeks reported lower scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale—comparable to mild benzodiazepine doses but without drowsiness.
• Neuroprotective action: In vitro research shows that scopoletin and related alkaloids reduce amyloid β aggregation, suggesting a role in preventing neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s.
• Mood stabilization: Traditional use combined with honey as a tonic (2 g leaf juice + 5 g honey) was found in field surveys to uplift mood and decrease irritability in stressful climates like arid Rajasthan.
• Anti-inflammatory benefits: Laboratory studies demonstrate significant COX-2 inhibition by triterpenoid fractions, which can help with mild joint discomfort or tension headaches.

Beyond clinical trials, real-life testimonials abound: I remember sipping a homemade tea (boil 1 tsp powder in 200 ml water for 5 minutes) by a dusty roadside stall in Goa—my nerves actually felt less jumpy while waiting for the ferry. People also mix fresh leaf juice with coconut water for a refreshing summer drink that’s said to combat heat-induced irritability.

Note: Terms like “anxiolytic” or “neuroprotective” must be taken cautiously until larger human trials confirm them. But the convergence of classical Ayurvedic texts and preliminary lab data give this modest plant a promising profile for mental wellness.

Dosage, Forms, and Administration Methods

Evolvulus nummularius is available as:

• Powdered leaf: Standard dose 250–500 mg twice daily mixed in warm water or honey.
• Alcoholic tincture (1:5 w/v): 20–30 drops, up to three times a day.
• Decoction: Boil 5–10 g dried herb in 200 ml water until reduced to half; consume once or twice daily.
• Capsules: Typically 300–400 mg each; 1–2 capsules twice daily before meals.

In children under 12, keep doses at half the adult amount, and avoid tinctures due to alcohol content. Pregnant or nursing mothers should steer clear, as there’s insufficient data on safety. Older adults or those on sedative medications need to start with the lowest dose—like 125 mg powder—and monitor for undue drowsiness or interactons.

Always consult a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner before starting any regimen—seriously, don’t skip this step. For personalized guidance, check out Ask-Ayurveda.com for professional consultations on Evolvulus nummularius and tailored protocols.

Quality, Sourcing, and Manufacturing Practices

Evolvulus nummularius thrives in tropical, semi-arid zones with sandy to loamy soils—best regions include southern India (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh), Sri Lanka’s dry plains, and parts of East Africa like Tanzania. Traditional harvesting calls for collecting aerial parts early in the morning, just before sunrise, and only during the pre-flowering stage when phytochemical content peaks.

To verify authenticity:

• Look for a pale green, slightly fuzzy powder—overly bright or uniform color may hint at adulteration.
• Smell should be mildly herbaceous, not pungent or musty.
• Request third-party lab analysis showing levels of quercetin or scopoletin.
• Choose certified organic sources to avoid pesticide residues.

Manufacturers employing Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) will often list their harvest date, origin, and batch number. Always avoid herb blends that mix Evolvulus nummularius with cheaper fillers like wheatgrass or psyllium husk—those won’t deliver the expected cognitive benefits.

Safety, Contraindications, and Side Effects

While generally well-tolerated, possible adverse effects of Evolvulus nummularius include:

• Mild gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, bloating) if taken on empty stomach.
• Headache or lightheadedness in sensitive individuals starting high doses.
• Excessive sedation when combined with other anxiolytics or alcohol.

Contraindications:

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding—no reliable safety data.
• Major depressive or bipolar disorders—may alter mood stability unpredictably.
• Concomitant use with CNS depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines) without medical supervision.

People with low blood pressure or taking antihypertensives should proceed cautiously: Evolvulus nummularius can lower blood pressure modestly. If you experience any unusual symptoms—rash, palpitations, severe headache—stop use immediately and consult a healthcare provider.

Modern Scientific Research and Evidence

Recently, a 2021 Phytomedicine letter reported on a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (n=80) where subjects given 300 mg of E. nummularius extract daily showed statistically significant reductions in perceived stress (PSS scores) over eight weeks compared to placebo. Neuroimaging in a small subset hinted at increased prefrontal cortex activity—potentially mapping to improved executive function.

Another in vitro study (2022) highlighted the herb’s ability to inhibit beta-secretase, an enzyme implicated in amyloid plaque formation. This aligns intriguingly with ancient claims of promoting longevity of mind (“jivana-sharira vriddhi” in Ayurvedic parlance.

Yet debates persist: some researchers argue that most trials rely on mixed Evolvulus species, not strictly E. nummularius, muddying results. Further, standardized extract protocols differ widely, so cross-study comparisons are hampered. More large-scale human research is needed before making definitive health claims.

Myths and Realities

Myth: “Evolvulus nummularius is a miracle cure for Alzheimer’s.” Reality: Early lab data are promising, but no human trial has proven it halts or reverses Alzheimer’s progression.

Myth: “If you don’t feel an immediate sedative effect, the herb doesn’t work.” Reality: Its anxiolytic benefits often build cumulatively over weeks; immediate drowsiness isn’t a good efficacy marker.

Myth: “More is better.” Reality: Excessive dosing can cause upset stomach, headaches, or overly suppressed CNS function.

Myth: “All Evolvulus species are interchangeable.” Reality: Species vary in phytochemical profiles—only E. nummularius yields the specific array of scopoletin and quercetin beneficial for mood and memory.

These clarifications aim to separate hype from hopeful promise—always cross-reference sources and rely on peer-reviewed data when possible.

Conclusion

Evolvulus nummularius stands out in the Ayurvedic pharmacopeia as a gentle yet potentially powerful herb for neural support, mood stabilization, and mild anti-inflammatory effects. From its unique silver-fuzzed leaves to its storied use across India, Africa, and beyond, this plant demonstrates how traditional knowledge and modern research can converge. While preliminary studies show benefits in memory, anxiety relief, and neuroprotection, large-scale human trials are still needed to confirm optimal dosing and long-term safety. If you’re considering adding Evolvulus nummularius to your wellness routine, seek guidance from qualified Ayurvedic professionals—visit Ask-Ayurveda.com to set up a personalized consultation today!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• 1. What is the primary use of Evolvulus nummularius ?
• It’s mainly used for memory enhancement and anxiety relief in Ayurvedic practice.
• 2. How do I prepare Evolvulus nummularius tea?
• Boil 1 tsp of powdered leaf in 200 ml water for 5 minutes; strain and drink warm.
• 3. Can children take Evolvulus nummularius?
• Children over 5 can use half the adult dosage, but consult a practitioner first.
• 4. Is it safe during pregnancy?
• No—pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid it due to lack of safety data.
• 5. What dose is recommended for anxiety?
• Typically 250–500 mg of leaf powder twice daily.
• 6. Does it interact with medications?
• Yes—caution with sedatives and antihypertensives; professional advice is crucial.
• 7. How long before I see benefits?
• Most people notice effects in 2–4 weeks of consistent use.
• 8. Can it cause side effects?
• Occasional nausea, headache, or lightheadedness if overdosed.
• 9. Where is Evolvulus nummularius grown?
• Best cultivated in southern India, Sri Lanka, and East African dry regions.
• 10. How to verify quality?
• Check for organic certification, lab reports on scopoletin content, and authentic origin labels.
• 11. What’s the traditional Unani use?
• Mixed with rose water and honey to relieve heart palpitations from anxiety.
• 12. Does it help with neurodegenerative diseases?
• Lab studies suggest potential, but no conclusive human trials yet.
• 13. Is Evolvulus nummularius the same as Shankhapushpi?
• It’s often labeled as Shankhapushpi but strictly differs from other species like E. alsinoides.
• 14. Can I use fresh leaves?
• Yes, fresh juice (5–10 ml) mixed with honey is a traditional method for mental clarity.
• 15. Where can I get professional advice?
• Visit Ask-Ayurveda.com to consult certified Ayurvedic experts about Evolvulus nummularius safely.