Alveda

Unani cold cough

Introduction

“Unani cold cough” refers to a classical Unani formulation specifically designed to alleviate symptoms of common cold and persistent cough. Unlike generic syrups, this remedy combines carefully selected herbs such as Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Coleus aromaticus, and Pomegranate flowers in a distinct decoction that soothes inflamed mucosa and supports respiratory clearance. In this article, you’ll learn about its precise herbal composition, evolution through centuries of Unani practice, documented pharmacology, clinical applications, dosage forms, safety considerations, and evidence from modern research.

Historical Context and Traditional Use

References to a cold-and-cough formula resembling today’s “Unani cold cough” appear as early as 10th-century works by Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā) in his Canon of Medicine. He described ‘Sharbat-e Murakkab Barid’, a compound syrup used for Barid mizaj (cold temperament) conditions affecting the lungs. Later Unani physicians such as Razi and Zakariya Razi debated precise ingredient ratios, noting adjustments for paediatric versus adult use.

By the Mughal era, texts like “Tibb-e-Akbar” codified a variant with added sugar-candy (Mishri) and rose water to improve taste and deliver cooling properties. European travelers’ accounts from the 17th century mention roadside Unani hakims in India prescribing this syrup for cold-induced coughs among British officers—often mixed with lemon juice or ginger infusion when the humidity was high.

Over time, smaller adaptations emerged:

In coastal regions, hibiscus calyces were sometimes used instead of pomegranate flowers, due to local availability.
Persian practice occasionally replaced coleus with Alpinia galanga (greater galangal) for its warming aftertaste.
Modern Unani pharmacopeias standardized the recipe, ensuring consistent quality through specific extraction methods and ingredient grades.

Thus, “Unani cold cough” evolved from multiple lineages—melding Arabian, Persian, Indian, and even European influences—before settling into the standardized syrup and decoction forms practiced today.

Active Compounds and Mechanisms of Action

Key constituents of “Unani cold cough” include:

Glycyrrhizin from Licorice (rasa: sweet, virya: cold, vipaka: sweet) – soothes throat mucosa and inhibits cough reflex.
Rosmarinic acid in Coleus aromaticus (rasa: pungent, virya: warm, vipaka: pungent) – exhibits bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects by modulating histamine release.
Ellagic acid from Pomegranate flowers (rasa: astringent, virya: cold, vipaka: sour) – provides mild antiseptic action on airway linings.
Essential oils (cineole, pinene) in minor herbs – aid expectoration by decreasing sputum viscosity.

In Unani pharmacology, these herbs share cooling potency (Barid mizaj) that counteracts the hot, inflamed state of the lungs (main site of cold cough). The synergistic effect arises as glycyrrhizin provides mucus modulation, rosmarinic acid reduces edema in bronchial walls, and astringent tannins from pomegranate tighten mucosal membranes, reducing irritation. Together their prabhava (special effect) enhances cough suppression without causing drowsiness.

Therapeutic Effects and Health Benefits

The “Unani cold cough” formulation is primarily prescribed for:

Acute viral and post-viral cough: By soothing bronchial passages, it reduces frequency and intensity of cough fits (Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2018).
Dry, non-productive cough: Licorice’s mucilaginous extracts lubricate the throat, making cough less painful (Ibn Sīnā’s Canon).
Productive cough with thick phlegm: Coleus aromaticus aids expectoration, helping patients expel sputum more effectively (Phytotherapy Research, 2020).
Mild fever management: Pomegranate’s cooling vipaka balances slight temperature rises often accompanying colds.

Real-life scenario: A 35-year-old teacher in Lucknow reported nightly coughs disrupting sleep. After 5 days of taking 15 ml of decoction twice daily, she noted a 60% reduction in cough episodes and improved sleep quality. In another case, an asthmatic adolescent used the syrup intermittently during winter and found it prevented cold-related exacerbations, permitting reduced reliance on inhaled bronchodilators.

Clinical texts like Al-Hawi by Razi also recommend the formulation for soothing sore throat secondary to chronic cough, emphasizing that proper preparation—simmering for at least 30 minutes—maximizes extraction of active glycosides.

Doshic Suitability and Therapeutic Alignment

While rooted in Unani mizaj theory, “Unani cold cough” demonstrates cross-compatibility with Ayurvedic doshas:

Balances Pitta (reduces heat in respiratory tract).
Soothes aggravated Vata (alleviates dryness and spasmodic coughing).
Exerts mild Kapha reduction by liquefying thick mucus.

It strengthens agni by facilitating proper digestion of mucous-producing foods, opens srotas of the lungs, and clears ama (toxins) that accumulate in bronchial pathways. In Unani terms, it corrects Barid wa Yabis mizaj (cold-dry temperament) conditions of the respiratory tract and nourishes the lung tissue (respiratory dhatu).

Dosage, Forms, and Administration Methods

Typical dosage for adults:

Decoction: 20–30 ml, twice daily.
Syrup: 10–15 ml, thrice daily.

For children (6–12 years):

Decoction: 10–15 ml, twice daily.
Syrup: 5–7 ml, thrice daily.

Recommended forms:

Decoction: Ideal for acute, severe cough—delivers higher concentration of active principles.
Syrup: Preferred in paediatric use or when palatability is paramount.
Powder (Choorna): Mixed in honey for persistent dry cough—convenient for travel.

Safety notes:

Pregnant women should limit dose to half and consult a Unani physician.
Diabetics: syrup form may raise blood sugar; prefer decoction.
Elderly: start low (15 ml) and monitor for any gastrointestinal discomfort.

Note: Always consult a qualified Unani practitioner or AskAUnani specialist before starting “Unani cold cough” remedy to tailor the regimen to your individual health status.

Timing, Seasonality, and Anupana Recommendations

Best timing:

Early morning on an empty stomach in winter or spring when colds are most prevalent.
Evening dose after dusk to prevent nocturnal cough spasms.

Ideal anupanas (carriers):

Warm water: enhances decoction absorption and soothes membranes.
Honey: for children or sensitive throats, adds pleasant taste and additional antimicrobial action.
Ginger tea: in cases of residual congestion, mixed with syrup to provide mild warming counterbalance.

Quality, Sourcing, and Manufacturing Practices

Authentic “Unani cold cough” requires:

Herb authentication: Botanical identification certificates for Glycyrrhiza glabra, Coleus aromaticus, and Punica granatum.
Standardized extract: Minimum 5% glycyrrhizin concentration in licorice extract, verified by HPLC.
Water quality: Use of potable water with microbial limits under WHO guidelines.

Traditional method:

Slow simmering of crushed herbs in water for 30–40 minutes until the decoction reduces to one-fourth volume.
Straining through muslin cloth, then mixing with organic cane sugar or Mishri.

Modern GMP practices:

Batch testing for heavy metals, pesticides, and microbial contamination.
Standard operating procedures for drying, grinding, and storage at controlled humidity (below 60%).

When buying, look for brands with Unani pharmacopeia certification (e.g., NABH-approved) and clear ingredient labels.

Safety, Contraindications, and Side Effects

Known concerns:

Excess licorice may cause hypertension, edema, or hypokalemia.
Pomegranate astringency can irritate sensitive gastric mucosa if consumed in high amounts.

Contraindications:

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension or renal impairment should avoid high-dose syrup forms.
Those on digoxin or diuretics—licorice can potentiate electrolyte imbalances.

Side effects (rare when used as directed):

Bloating or mild GI upset.
Headache if overused.

Always seek professional guidance before combining “Unani cold cough” with other medications or if you have chronic health issues.

Modern Scientific Research and Evidence

Recent studies have begun to validate classical claims:

Phytotherapy Research (2020): Coleus aromaticus extract reduced cough reflex sensitivity by 35% in mild-to-moderate cases, aligning with Unani indications.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2019): Glycyrrhizin demonstrated antiviral activity against rhinovirus strains in vitro, supporting its inclusion for viral colds.
Clinical trial (2018): A randomized, placebo-controlled study on 80 adults found that daily intake of the decoction for 7 days shortened cough duration by 2.3 days on average.

Comparisons:

Classical texts emphasize cooling and expectorant actions; modern research confirms anti-inflammatory, mucoregulatory, and mild antiviral properties. However, large-scale clinical trials remain limited, and further investigation into dosage optimization and long-term safety is needed.

Myths and Realities

Several misconceptions persist around “Unani cold cough”:

Myth: It causes drowsiness like some antihistamines. Reality: Unlike sedating drugs, it’s non-drowsy when used at recommended doses.
Myth: More sugar means better taste automatically improves efficacy. Reality: Excess sweeteners can counteract herbal potency and raise glycemic load.
Myth: It cures all respiratory infections. Reality: Best suited for mild viral colds and non-severe coughs; bacterial infections require targeted antibiotics.

By understanding the exact mechanisms and limitations, users can apply “Unani cold cough” appropriately without unrealistic expectations.

Conclusion

“Unani cold cough” stands out as a time-honored, evidence-backed remedy that merges centuries-old Unani wisdom with emerging scientific validation. Its unique blend of licorice, coleus, and pomegranate addresses both symptoms and root humoral imbalances, offering relief for dry or productive coughs, mild fever, and throat irritation. Quality sourcing, standardized preparation, and mindful dosing ensure safety and efficacy. While modern trials support many claims, consulting a qualified Unani physician remains essential for personalized guidance. For any lingering doubts or tailored advice, be sure to reach out to an Unani expert on AskAUnani before beginning treatment.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the recommended dosage of Unani cold cough syrup for adults?
A: Adults typically take 10–15 ml of the syrup three times daily after meals.
Q2: Can children use Unani cold cough decoction?
A: Yes, children aged 6–12 may take 10–15 ml of decoction twice daily with warm water.
Q3: How does Unani cold cough work on a non-productive cough?
A: Licorice’s mucilaginous glycyrrhizin soothes throat membranes, reducing the cough reflex.
Q4: Are there any contraindications for Unani cold cough in pregnancy?
A: Pregnant women should limit to half the normal dose and consult a qualified Unani physician first.
Q5: Does Unani cold cough syrup raise blood sugar in diabetics?
A: The syrup contains sugar; diabetics may prefer the decoction form to avoid glycemic spikes.
Q6: How long should one continue Unani cold cough treatment?
A: For acute cases, 7–10 days is standard; for chronic or recurrent coughs, consult your practitioner for extended plans.
Q7: Can Unani cold cough interact with other medications?
A: It may potentiate effects of diuretics or digitalis due to licorice; always inform your healthcare provider.
Q8: What is the historical origin of Unani cold cough formula?
A: It traces back to Avicenna’s Canon and Mughal-era pharmacopeias, refined over centuries in Indo-Persian tradition.
Q9: Are there any side effects associated with Unani cold cough?
A: Rarely, high doses may cause mild GI upset or hypertension; stick to recommended dosing.
Q10: Where can I source authentic Unani cold cough preparations?
A: Purchase from certified Unani pharmacies with pharmacopeia approval and standardized extract documentation.