What Does Intersex Mean, and How Does It Affect a Person’s Health and Identity?

Question

I recently came across the term intersex, and I realized I don’t fully understand what it means. I always thought that people are born either male or female, but now I’m learning that some people are born with intersex traits, which makes me wonder—what exactly does it mean to be intersex?

From what I understand, intersex refers to people who are born with reproductive or genetic traits that don’t fit typical male or female classifications. But how common is intersex, and does it always affect a person’s health or fertility? Are there different types of intersex variations, and do they require medical treatment?

I also read that in the past, many doctors performed surgeries on intersex babies to make them fit a certain gender. Is this still common, or are medical professionals now taking a different approach? How does growing up as intersex affect a person’s identity, and do most intersex people identify as male, female, or something else?

Since I believe in a natural and holistic approach to health, I started looking into Ayurveda’s perspective on intersex individuals and gender diversity. Does Ayurveda recognize intersex traits, and are there Ayurvedic recommendations for managing any health challenges associated with being intersex?

For those who are intersex or know someone who is, what has been your experience? Did you face medical challenges, and how did you navigate your identity? I’d love to hear real experiences and insights on this topic.

Dr Sujal Patil · Accepted Answer

In Ayurveda, the concept of intersex aligns with the recognition of Triteeya Prakriti (third nature) or Napunsaka, which describes individuals who may not fit the conventional male or female biological classifications. Ancient texts like the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita acknowledge diverse manifestations of gender and sexuality, attributing them to a combination of genetics (Beeja dosha), karma (past actions), and intrauterine factors affecting fetal development. Modern science understands intersex as a natural biological variation where a person is born with reproductive anatomy, hormones, or chromosomes that do not fit standard male or female definitions. It occurs in about 1.7% of the population, and while some intersex traits are apparent at birth, others may only become noticeable at puberty or later in life.

Intersex variations are diverse, including conditions like Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS), Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), and Klinefelter Syndrome. While some individuals may experience health concerns such as hormonal imbalances, fertility challenges, or metabolic conditions, many intersex people live healthy lives without needing medical intervention. Historically, surgical or hormonal treatments were imposed on intersex infants to align them with a specific gender, often without their consent. However, the medical community is now moving toward a more patient-centered approach, advocating for informed decision-making and respecting bodily autonomy. In Ayurveda, emphasis is placed on balancing doshas, strengthening Agni (digestive fire), and supporting hormonal equilibrium through herbal and lifestyle interventions.

Ayurveda does not seek to "correct" intersex traits but instead focuses on holistic well-being, emotional balance, and reproductive health support. Ashwagandha and Shatavari help maintain endocrine harmony, while Triphala and Guduchi support overall vitality. Yoga, meditation, and pranayama can enhance mental clarity and emotional resilience. Ayurvedic philosophy encourages self-acceptance and honors gender diversity as part of nature’s balance. Identity is deeply personal, and intersex individuals may identify as male, female, or non-binary, depending on their experiences and choices. True health is achieved not through forced conformity but by embracing one’s natural constitution with respect, nourishment, and balance.

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