What is Parkinson's disease, and how does it affect the body over time? - #14787

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement but can also impact other body systems. How Parkinson's Affects the Brain PD occurs when dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra (a part of the brain) are damaged or die. Dopamine is essential for smooth and coordinated muscle movements. Symptoms: The loss of dopamine causes tremors, muscle stiffness, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), and balance issues. Non-motor symptoms can include sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, and digestive issues. Management of Parkinson’s Medications: Levodopa (with carbidopa) is the most effective medication. It converts to dopamine in the brain and helps manage motor symptoms. Dopamine agonists and MAO-B inhibitors may also be used to prolong dopamine’s effect. Physical therapy: Helps improve mobility, balance, and flexibility, and reduces the risk of falls. Exercise: Regular physical activity can help slow symptom progression and improve overall well-being. Speech therapy: Addresses speech and swallowing difficulties common in later stages. Progression & Lifestyle Adjustments Parkinson’s is progressive, but treatments can help manage symptoms for many years. Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, stress management, and regular exercise can improve quality of life. Advanced cases may benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical option to help control motor symptoms.