What Is a Nasal Cannula, and How Is It Used for Oxygen Therapy?

Question

I recently saw a patient using a nasal cannula in a hospital, and I became curious about how it works. From what I understand, a nasal cannula is a medical device used to deliver oxygen to people with breathing difficulties, but how does it compare to other oxygen delivery methods like face masks and ventilators?

I read that nasal cannulas are commonly used for patients with respiratory conditions like COPD, pneumonia, and sleep apnea, but how do doctors decide when a nasal cannula is the best option? Does it work for mild breathing problems, or can it also be used for severe respiratory failure?

One thing I found interesting is that there are different types of nasal cannulas, including low-flow and high-flow systems. What’s the difference between these, and how does the oxygen flow rate affect the patient’s breathing?

Are there any side effects or risks associated with using a nasal cannula? I read that some people experience dryness, nose irritation, and even nasal bleeding—how can these issues be prevented?

Can Ayurveda or natural therapies help improve oxygen levels in people who need oxygen therapy? I’ve heard that pranayama breathing exercises, herbal steam inhalation, and Tulsi (holy basil) may help improve lung function—do these actually work?

If anyone has used a nasal cannula for oxygen therapy, how effective was it in improving breathing? Did you experience any discomfort, and how did you manage it?

Dr Sujal Patil · Accepted Answer

Hello,

A nasal cannula is a simple device used to deliver oxygen through two prongs inserted into the nostrils. It is typically used for mild to moderate respiratory conditions like COPD, pneumonia, or sleep apnea, where patients need supplemental oxygen but can still breathe on their own.

Compared to face masks or ventilators, nasal cannulas offer more comfort and allow patients to talk and eat, making them ideal for long-term or low-flow oxygen needs.

Doctors may use low-flow nasal cannulas for mild cases (1-6 liters per minute) and high-flow systems for severe respiratory failure (up to 60 liters per minute), which deliver warm, humidified oxygen to improve breathing.

Common side effects include nasal dryness and irritation, which can be managed with saline sprays or humidifiers. Pranayama, steam inhalation, and Tulsi may support lung function and relaxation, but should be used alongside medical oxygen therapy for best results.

Dr. Harsha Joy · Answer

A nasal cannula is a simple and effective oxygen delivery device used for mild to moderate breathing difficulties, commonly in conditions like COPD, pneumonia, and sleep apnea. It allows patients to receive oxygen while still being able to talk and eat, unlike face masks or ventilators, which are used for more severe cases. Low-flow cannulas provide 1-6 L/min of oxygen, while high-flow systems offer humidified oxygen at higher rates for critical conditions. Side effects like dryness, irritation, and nasal bleeding can be managed with hydration, humidifiers, or applying natural oils like ghee or sesame oil inside the nostrils. Ayurveda recommends pranayama (deep breathing exercises), steam inhalation with Tulsi or eucalyptus, and herbs like Vasaka and Licorice to strengthen lung function and improve oxygen absorption naturally.

What Is a Nasal Cannula, and How Is It Used for Oxygen Therapy? - #15317

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