How does intraocular pressure affect eye health and vision?

Question

During my recent eye exam, the doctor mentioned measuring my intraocular pressure (IOP), and I’ve been curious ever since about how it affects my eyes and vision. From what I understand, intraocular pressure refers to the fluid pressure inside the eye, but I’m not sure why it’s so important or what it indicates. How does high intraocular pressure affect eye health, and could it lead to problems like glaucoma or other vision-related issues?

I know that high IOP can damage the optic nerve over time, but I’m wondering how exactly that process works. Does it cause gradual vision loss, and if so, is it always preventable with treatment? If someone has high IOP, are there warning signs to look out for, or does it often develop without noticeable symptoms?

I’ve read that the normal range for intraocular pressure is between 10 and 21 mmHg, but how can I know if my pressure is too high or too low? Is measuring IOP something that should be done regularly during eye exams, especially as I age?

Lastly, are there lifestyle changes, medications, or treatments that can help maintain healthy intraocular pressure and prevent it from increasing over time?

Dr. Harsha Joy · Accepted Answer

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the pressure of the fluid inside the eye, and it’s crucial for maintaining the eye's shape and proper function. High IOP can damage the optic nerve over time, potentially leading to conditions like glaucoma, which causes gradual vision loss. Glaucoma often develops without noticeable symptoms until significant damage has occurred, which is why regular eye exams to measure IOP are essential, especially as we age. If high IOP is detected early, treatments such as medication, eye drops, or sometimes laser therapy can help reduce pressure and prevent vision loss. Maintaining healthy IOP can also be supported by lifestyle changes like managing stress, eating a nutrient-rich diet, avoiding excessive alcohol, staying hydrated, and engaging in regular physical activity. Regular monitoring of IOP during eye exams is vital to ensure early detection and timely treatment.

How does intraocular pressure affect eye health and vision? - #16766

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