What are the causes of marasmus, and can it be treated naturally?

Question

I recently read about marasmus, and it shocked me how severe this condition can be. From what I understand, it happens due to extreme malnutrition, mostly in children, but I’m wondering if adults can also develop marasmus if they don’t get enough nutrients.

What exactly causes marasmus besides lack of food? Can it also happen if someone eats enough calories but lacks essential vitamins and proteins? I’ve seen pictures of children with marasmus, and it’s heartbreaking. Are there early symptoms that can be recognized before it gets that bad?

How is marasmus usually treated? Is it possible to reverse the damage with proper nutrition, or does it cause long-term problems even after recovery? Also, does Ayurveda have any specific herbs, oils, or remedies that can help in treating marasmus naturally?

If anyone has seen cases of marasmus or knows about its treatment, I’d love to understand more about how to prevent it and what the best recovery process looks like.

Dr Sujal Patil · Accepted Answer

Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition caused by an extreme deficiency of calories and protein, primarily affecting children, though adults can develop it too. Here's a quick summary:

Causes
Food Insecurity: Lack of sufficient food is the main cause.
Poor Nutrient Absorption: Conditions like chronic diarrhea or gastrointestinal diseases can also trigger it.
Micronutrient Deficiencies: Even with enough calories, a lack of essential vitamins and proteins can contribute.
Early Symptoms
Weight Loss: Severe muscle and fat wasting.
Weakness and Lethargy: A sign the body is breaking down muscle for energy.
Loose, Wrinkled Skin: Due to loss of fat and muscle.
Irritability and weakened immune response are also early indicators.
Treatment
Nutritional Rehabilitation: Gradual introduction of calories, protein, and essential nutrients is key.
Hydration: Often paired with electrolyte solutions to manage dehydration.
Micronutrient Supplementation: Vitamins and minerals like zinc, iron, and folate aid recovery.
Long-Term Recovery
With proper nutrition, many children can recover, though long-term developmental issues may persist if treatment is delayed.
Ayurvedic Approaches
Herbs: Ashwagandha and Shatavari are sometimes recommended for boosting strength.
Oils: Medicated ghee may help improve digestion and nourishment.
Always consult a healthcare provider before using alternative treatments.
Prevention
Access to balanced nutrition and early recognition of signs are essential to preventing marasmus.

Dr. Harsha Joy · Answer

Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition caused by a deficiency in calories, proteins, and essential nutrients. While it is most common in children, adults can also develop it, especially if they have insufficient access to balanced nutrition. Marasmus can occur even if a person consumes enough calories but lacks vital nutrients like vitamins and proteins. Early symptoms include extreme weight loss, fatigue, irritability, weakness, and stunted growth. Treatment focuses on providing adequate nutrition, including high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals. In Ayurveda, rejuvenating herbs like Ashwagandha, Shatavari, and Amla can help rebuild strength and restore nutritional balance. Though recovery can reverse the immediate effects of marasmus, if left untreated for long periods, it may cause lasting damage to physical development and immune function. Proper nourishment, along with a balanced diet, is key to preventing and recovering from marasmus.

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