What are antibodies, and how do they protect the body from infections? - #14689

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to help fight infections. They work by recognizing and binding to specific pathogens like viruses or bacteria, marking them for destruction or neutralizing them directly. The body produces antibodies when it encounters a pathogen, and after an infection, some of these antibodies remain in the body, providing immunity and helping to "remember" past infections. This is how vaccines work—they stimulate the body to produce antibodies without causing disease. Different types of antibodies target different invaders. For example, IgG is a common antibody that protects against bacterial and viral infections, while IgE is involved in allergic reactions. The body can produce a variety of antibodies depending on the pathogen. Antibody tests measure the presence and levels of antibodies in the blood. High antibody levels may indicate recent infection or vaccination, while low levels could mean the body hasn’t encountered the pathogen or the immune response is weak. However, extremely low or high antibody levels can sometimes point to autoimmune conditions or other health issues, where the immune system attacks the body or overreacts. Diet and lifestyle play a role in immune health. A balanced diet rich in vitamins (like vitamin C, D, and A), minerals, and antioxidants from fruits, vegetables, and herbs can support immune function. In Ayurveda, herbs like tulsi, ashwagandha, and turmeric are known to support immune health and may help balance the immune system. If someone has had their antibody levels tested, it might be for monitoring immune function after vaccination, evaluating past infections, or diagnosing certain autoimmune disorders. Results can guide treatment decisions or just offer insights into overall immune health.