What Is the Thyroid, and How Does It Control Metabolism and Hormones?

Question

I recently started learning more about the thyroid, and I was surprised to find out how much it controls in the body. From what I understand, the thyroid is a gland in the neck that regulates metabolism, energy levels, and hormone balance, but how does it actually work?

I read that thyroid disorders, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, can cause weight changes, fatigue, mood swings, and temperature sensitivity. What are the early signs of thyroid dysfunction, and how is it diagnosed?

One thing that concerns me is that thyroid problems are more common in women, but they often go undiagnosed for years. What are the best ways to support thyroid function naturally and prevent hormone imbalances?

Are there any Ayurvedic remedies or dietary changes that help with thyroid health? I’ve heard that Ashwagandha, iodine-rich foods, and selenium are beneficial—do these actually work?

If anyone has thyroid issues, what symptoms did you experience first, and what treatments helped restore balance? Did lifestyle changes or supplements make a difference?

Dr Sujal Patil · Accepted Answer

Thank you for sharing your curiosity about the thyroid. The thyroid gland produces hormones (T3 and T4) that regulate metabolism, energy, body temperature, and heart rate. It works through a feedback loop involving the brain (via TSH or thyroid-stimulating hormone) to maintain balance. When the thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism), everything slows down; if overactive (hyperthyroidism), it speeds up.

Early signs of thyroid dysfunction can include fatigue, weight changes, mood swings, sensitivity to cold or heat, dry skin, hair thinning, or irregular periods. Diagnosis is made through blood tests, including TSH, free T3, and free T4 levels, and sometimes thyroid antibodies to check for autoimmune thyroid conditions.

To support thyroid function, eating a balanced diet with adequate iodine (from iodized salt or seaweed), selenium (found in Brazil nuts), and zinc is essential. Ashwagandha may help manage stress, which can affect thyroid function. However, too much iodine or selenium can be harmful, so balance is key. Lifestyle changes like managing stress and staying active can also help. If symptoms persist, testing is the best step for early intervention. Let me know if you’d like more details!

Dr. Harsha Joy · Answer

The thyroid gland plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, energy, and hormone balance. When imbalanced, it can lead to hypothyroidism, causing fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, and cold sensitivity, or hyperthyroidism, leading to anxiety, weight loss, and excessive sweating. Early signs may be subtle, so regular thyroid function tests (TSH, T3, T4) are essential for diagnosis. Ayurveda recommends Ashwagandha for balancing hormones, Guggulu for metabolism, and selenium-rich foods like sunflower seeds for thyroid support. A diet including iodine-rich foods like seaweed, nuts, and whole grains, along with stress management through yoga and meditation, helps maintain thyroid health naturally.

What Is the Thyroid, and How Does It Control Metabolism and Hormones? - #15402

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